If needed, prepare the barley ahead of time according to packaged directions. Set aside. This will take about 30 minutes. Chop the vegetables while the barley cooks. Set aside.
Brown the ground beef in a Dutch oven over medium-high heat for 3 minutes. Then add the Kielbasa slices and brown with the ground beef for an additional 5 minutes.
Remove the meat from the skillet with a slotted spoon(do not drain) then add the bell peppers, carrots, and onion into the reserved juices. Sauté for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, then add the garlic and continue to cook for an additional minute.
Add back in the meat along with the diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, beef broth, Italian seasoning, and hot sauce. Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer for 15 minutes.
Ladle the soup into individual serving bowls, top each bowl with a spoonful of cooked barley, season with salt + pepper, and garnish with the parsley, cheese, and jalapeños. Enjoy immediately.